Silvia Federici

01Federici calculates that roughly 50,000 women were executed as witches across Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries.
02She argues witch trials peaked precisely in regions where women held common land rights — the burnings followed the enclosures.
03Federici began the Wages for Housework campaign in 1972, demanding states pay women for domestic labor as a precondition for any feminist politics.

A bile bear in a "crush cage" on Huizhou Farm, Huizhou , China

Double-faced Mithraic relief. Fiano Romano (Rome), 2nd to 3rd century CE ( Louvre Museum ).

Silvia Federici's 'Caliban and the Witch' reread the mass burning of 50,000 European women not as superstition but as a coordinated war to destroy communal female economic autonomy before capitalism could take root.