01Dzhumagaliev had his teeth replaced with white metal, earning him the nickname 'Metal Fang.'
02Party guests unknowingly ate kebabs made from his female victims on at least one confirmed occasion.
03He escaped a psychiatric facility in 1989 and was not recaptured for two years.
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01Romulus was allegedly dismembered by the Senate, each senator hiding a piece of the body under his toga.
02The seven kings' combined reign of 244 years averages 35 years each — statistically implausible, historically suspicious.
03The last king, Tarquinius Superbus, was expelled after his son Sextus raped Lucretia, who then killed herself.
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01Colonel Chivington's men killed roughly 230 Cheyenne and Arapaho, two-thirds of them women and children, on November 29, 1864.
02Soldiers wore scalps and female genitalia as hat decorations and tobacco pouches in public Denver streets afterward.
03Chivington was never criminally charged; he later ran for the Colorado legislature.
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01Taichang Emperor died on September 26, 1620 — his 29th day on the throne, cause officially undetermined.
02Court official Li Kezhuo supplied the red pills; he was later exiled but the formula remained secret.
03The 'Red Pill Case' became one of the Three Great Cases of the Wanli era, debated for centuries.
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01Casartelli's skull fractured on a roadside concrete drainage block on the Portet d'Aspet descent.
02He was 24, married, with a son born just months before the race.
03Lance Armstrong won the very next stage and pointed skyward at the line, for Casartelli.
gnostek
01Ferrer's Escuela Moderna gave boys and girls identical curricula — heretical in 1901 Catholic Spain.
02He was convicted of 'intellectual authorship' of the 1909 Tragic Week riots despite no direct evidence.
03His execution triggered protest riots across Europe, toppling the Spanish prime minister within weeks.
gnostek1 / 3Figure 1. The arrangement of hydrogen atoms (black circles) about oxygen atoms (open circles) in ice. Two hydrogen atoms (bottom ones) are close to the central oxygen atom while two of them (top ones) are far and closer to the two other…
01Spin ice is made from dysprosium titanate, a crystal cooled to within a fraction of absolute zero.
02Magnetic monopoles — lone north or south poles — were predicted by Dirac in 1931 but never found in free nature.
03In spin ice, these quasi-monopoles move through the lattice like real particles, obeying Coulomb's magnetic law.
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01The explosion created a crater 170 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 30 feet deep on July 30, 1864.
02Generals ordered troops into the crater itself rather than around it; Confederate fire from the rim was uncontested.
03Union losses: 3,798 men in under four hours. Grant called it 'the saddest affair I have witnessed in the war.'
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01Edison Manufacturing Company filmed Topsy's electrocution; the film, 'Electrocuting an Elephant,' was commercially distributed that same year.
02Topsy killed three men in three years, including an abusive trainer who fed her a lit cigarette.
03She was given cyanide-laced carrots, then 6,600 volts — organizers had originally planned to hang her publicly.