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- 01Medieval ultramarine cost more per ounce than gold; patrons had to specify it in painting contracts.
- 02The sole source was the Sar-e-Sang lapis lazuli mine in Afghanistan's Kokcha River valley, mined since 7000 BC.
- 03Lapis beads from Badakhshan have been found in Mesopotamian royal tombs dating to 3000 BC — a 5,000-year supply chain.