Mitochondrial Eve

01The study used only mitochondrial DNA, which passes exclusively through mothers — 'Eve' had a contemporary male counterpart, 'Y-chromosomal Adam,' who lived roughly 60,000 years later.
02The name 'Mitochondrial Eve' was coined by journalist James Wainscoat, not the scientists; lead author Allan Wilson publicly disliked it.
03Eve was not the only woman alive at the time — she was simply the last woman whose unbroken maternal line survives today.

01Caesar's inner wall (contravallation) was 11 miles; his outer wall (circumvallation) was 14 miles — both built in under six weeks.
02The relief army of roughly 250,000 Gauls attacked both walls at once; Caesar personally rode to plug a breach, his red cloak used as a field signal.
03When the relief army failed, Vercingetorix surrendered 80,000 starving survivors — and the 20,000 Mandubii civilians Caesar had refused to feed died in the gap between the walls.

Chinese propaganda poster from the Korean War era: "Vaccinate everyone, to crush the germ warfare of US imperialism !"

Facsimile of the Einstein–Szilard letter

Gelert by Charles Burton Barber (1884)

In 1987, Berkeley geneticists traced mitochondrial DNA from 147 people across five continents back to a single African woman alive roughly 150,000 years ago — immediately named 'Eve' by a Newsweek cover, before the researchers could object.