01Laika died within 5–7 hours of launch from cabin overheating, not the planned day-six euthanasia.
02Sputnik 2 was built in under four weeks; there was never a design for her return.
03The Soviet government falsely reported she survived for several days after launch.
gnostek1 / 23The National Ignition Facility, located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
01The 192-beam pulse lasts just 20 billionths of a second but briefly exceeds 100 million degrees Celsius.
02In December 2022, NIF produced 3.15 megajoules from a 2.05-megajoule input — the first fusion ignition.
03The target pellet of hydrogen fuel is just 2 millimeters in diameter, smaller than a pea.
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01Foucault was reportedly aware he had AIDS by 1983 and continued frequenting San Francisco bathhouses through that year.
02He coined 'biopower' — the state's management of bodies and populations — in a 1976 lecture at the Collège de France.
03His 'Discipline and Punish' (1975) opens with a four-page description of a man being drawn and quartered in 1757 Paris.
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01Hetty Green's fortune of roughly $100 million in 1916 equals over $2.5 billion today — all self-managed.
02Her son Ned's leg was amputated after she allegedly delayed treatment to avoid medical fees.
03She lived in cheap boarding houses and ate cold oatmeal, despite being America's wealthiest woman.
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01Donaghy bet on 57 NBA games between 2005 and 2007, going 70–80% accurate due to inside information.
02He passed tips to Thomas Martino, a childhood friend with mob connections, using pre-paid burner phones.
03Donaghy served 15 months in federal prison; his allegations that the NBA itself manipulated playoff games were never formally investigated.
gnostek1 / 3Side and top view of A-, B-, and Z-DNA conformations.
01Franklin died in 1958 at age 37 of ovarian cancer; Nobel rules bar posthumous awards, so she was never eligible.
02Watson admitted in his 1968 memoir that seeing Photo 51 was the moment the structure became clear to him.
03Wilkins shared the 1962 Nobel with Watson and Crick; Franklin's name appears nowhere in the prize citation.
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01Hitler's 1942 Commando Order mandated execution of all captured raiders, regardless of uniform — eight men died under it.
02Corporal Eric Fisher and Marine Norman Colley drowned on the first night; their bodies never recovered.
03Hasler and Sparks, the two survivors, walked over 100 miles through occupied France to reach Spain.
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01Senator Joseph Lieberman named Night Trap by title in a 1993 Senate subcommittee hearing on video game violence.
02The game was originally developed for the unreleased NEMO console in 1987 — six years before its Senate debut.
03Sega pulled Night Trap from shelves voluntarily during the hearings; it was later re-released on Steam in 2017.
gnostek1 / 11A tulip, known as "the Viceroy" ( viseroij ), displayed in the 1637 Dutch catalogue Verzameling van een Meenigte Tulipaanen ("Collection of a Crowd of Tulips"). Its bulb was offered for sale for between 3,000 and 4,200 guilders (florins)…
01The Semper Augustus, the most prized tulip, fetched 10,000 guilders in early 1637 — roughly 10 years of a skilled craftsman's wages.
02Futures contracts for tulip bulbs still underground were being traded in taverns; buyers never saw the actual bulb.
03By May 1637, Haarlem courts ruled tulip contracts unenforceable, effectively wiping out every outstanding futures position.